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不銹鋼中厚板缺陷原因及預防措施
日期：2025-10-09 18:11
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摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼中厚板缺陷原因及預防措施</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不銹鋼中厚板是指厚度</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4~25.0mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">的鋼板。厚度</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">25.0~100.0mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">的稱為厚板，厚度超過</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">100.0mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">的為特厚板。廣泛用來制作各種容器、爐殼、爐板、橋梁及汽車靜鋼鋼板、低合金鋼鋼板、橋梁用鋼板、造般鋼板、鍋爐鋼板、壓力容器鋼板、花紋鋼板、汽車大梁鋼板，拖拉機某些零件及焊接構件。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼板缺陷</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼中厚板在使用過程中要注意缺陷的產生，鋼板表面的小縱裂、峰狀裂紋、邊線裂紋、夾雜、結疤會影響表面質量，造成改判，使得產品質量下降。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼板缺陷的形態表現</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、小縱裂，鋼板表面小縱裂形態為長度小于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">200mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、寬度小于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、深度小于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.3mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、峰狀裂紋，該裂紋全部發生在鋼板下表的距邊部</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">5-60mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">處，宏觀方向與軋制方向垂直，呈“山峰”狀。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、邊線裂紋，該裂紋主要發生在鋼板距邊部</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">20-80mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">處，形態為多條大小不一的并行縱向裂紋，其規律是鋼板規格越厚、越寬，此類缺陷越嚴重。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、夾雜、結疤，夾雜、結疤呈規律性分布，經過邊部火焰扒皮裂紋檢查或鑄坯劃痕火焰清理等精整操作后的現象明顯。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼板產生缺陷的原因</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">小縱裂是細小雜質混入結晶器形成；</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">峰狀裂紋產生的原因主要是鑄坯外弧皮下角橫裂所致；</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">邊線裂紋是在軋制過程中因鑄坯棱角向表面的側翻所致；</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">夾雜、結疤是精整時表面氧化渣未清理干凈所致。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼板防止缺陷產生的措施</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、定期對結晶器檢查，特別是水樣，查看是否有小雜質混入，引起水質變化。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、嚴格控制設備超齡服役，確保扇形段維護的及時型，避免因發生扇形段局部輥子不轉導致鑄坯深度劃痕。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、實施彎曲段配水分區控制，動態控制不同寬度端面鑄坯的角部溫度，避免鑄坯在彎曲過程中角部溫度進入脆性區。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、盡可能用寬端面鑄坯生產大寬度鋼板，減少鋼板軋制時的展寬量，從而減輕寬鋼板軋制時的邊部不均勻變形程度，弱化鋼板出現邊線裂紋的寬向程度。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、提高鑄坯在加熱爐內加入溫度的均勻性，優化板坯加熱工藝，減少鑄坯上下面溫差，降低軋件上下面變形抗力差別，從而縮小軋件邊部的不均勻變形。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、提高鑄坯精整能力，避免出現鑄坯精整后的氧化渣清理不徹底、局部深度燒痕等二次缺陷的發生。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
不銹鋼中厚板缺陷原因及預防措施
不銹鋼中厚板是指厚度4~25.0mm的鋼板。厚度25.0~100.0mm的稱為厚板，厚度超過100.0mm的為特厚板。廣泛用來制作各種容器、爐殼、爐板、橋梁及汽車靜鋼鋼板、低合金鋼鋼板、橋梁用鋼板、造般鋼板、鍋爐鋼板、壓力容器鋼板、花紋鋼板、汽車大梁鋼板，拖拉機某些零件及焊接構件。
不銹鋼板缺陷
不銹鋼中厚板在使用過程中要注意缺陷的產生，鋼板表面的小縱裂、峰狀裂紋、邊線裂紋、夾雜、結疤會影響表面質量，造成改判，使得產品質量下降。
不銹鋼板缺陷的形態表現
1、小縱裂，鋼板表面小縱裂形態為長度小于200mm、寬度小于3mm、深度小于0.3mm。
2、峰狀裂紋，該裂紋全部發生在鋼板下表的距邊部5-60mm處，宏觀方向與軋制方向垂直，呈“山峰”狀。
3、邊線裂紋，該裂紋主要發生在鋼板距邊部20-80mm處，形態為多條大小不一的并行縱向裂紋，其規律是鋼板規格越厚、越寬，此類缺陷越嚴重。
4、夾雜、結疤，夾雜、結疤呈規律性分布，經過邊部火焰扒皮裂紋檢查或鑄坯劃痕火焰清理等精整操作后的現象明顯。
不銹鋼板產生缺陷的原因
小縱裂是細小雜質混入結晶器形成；
峰狀裂紋產生的原因主要是鑄坯外弧皮下角橫裂所致；
邊線裂紋是在軋制過程中因鑄坯棱角向表面的側翻所致；
夾雜、結疤是精整時表面氧化渣未清理干凈所致。
不銹鋼板防止缺陷產生的措施
1、定期對結晶器檢查，特別是水樣，查看是否有小雜質混入，引起水質變化。
2、嚴格控制設備超齡服役，確保扇形段維護的及時型，避免因發生扇形段局部輥子不轉導致鑄坯深度劃痕。
3、實施彎曲段配水分區控制，動態控制不同寬度端面鑄坯的角部溫度，避免鑄坯在彎曲過程中角部溫度進入脆性區。
4、盡可能用寬端面鑄坯生產大寬度鋼板，減少鋼板軋制時的展寬量，從而減輕寬鋼板軋制時的邊部不均勻變形程度，弱化鋼板出現邊線裂紋的寬向程度。
5、提高鑄坯在加熱爐內加入溫度的均勻性，優化板坯加熱工藝，減少鑄坯上下面溫差，降低軋件上下面變形抗力差別，從而縮小軋件邊部的不均勻變形。
6、提高鑄坯精整能力，避免出現鑄坯精整后的氧化渣清理不徹底、局部深度燒痕等二次缺陷的發生。
